Lanthanide doped fluorosilicate glass-ceramics:A review on experimental and theoretical progresses

Significant developments have been made in the past few decades for lanthanide(Ln)ions doped fluorosilicate glass-ceramics(Flusi-GCs).As novel generation of luminescence materials with a wide range of applications,Flusi-GCs as a single host combine the advantages of glass and ceramics/crystals as well as fluorides and silicates.In this review,the chemical design principles and experimental procedures of Flusi-GCs are summarized in detail.Flusi-GCs are categorized as those containing PbxCd_1-xF₂,RF₃(R=Y,La,Gd),MF₂(M=Ca,Sr,Ba),xMF₂-yRF₃(R=Y,La-Lu),mAF-nRF₃(A=Li,Na,K),KTF₃(T=Zn,Mn)and K2 SiF6 nanocrystals(NCs).Theoretical breakthroughs mainly by molecular dynamic(MD)simulation have been recapitulated as efficient routes for composition-design,nano-crystallization-prediction,and performance-optimization of Flusi-GCs containing target fluoride NCs.Essential research progresses pertaining photonic applications have been made in random lasers,communication amplifiers,optical fibers,spectral converters,white light-emitting-diodes(WLEDs),and thermal sensors.In the end,we propose three future research directions for Flusi-GCs.     

Conductive Recyclable Organogel Composites

As the use of automation in industry accelerates, the development of flexible, electrically conducting materials with the requisite environmental resilience for impact‐resistant sensors, foldable electronics, and electrostatic shielding are needed; simultaneously, recyclability for these materials remains a crucial attribute. Traditional conductive stretchable materials, such as rubbers, are not recyclable, and hydrogel materials have limited applications due to water evaporation and operating temperature range. Comparatively, organogels can be formulated with enhanced tunability, matrix recyclability, and the ability to support many conductive fillers. Here, rheology, mechanical testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterize the nanoscale interactions between carbon fillers, the liquid phase, and the network matrix in hemiaminal dynamic covalent network (HDCN) organogels. HDCN chemical equilibria are shown to strongly influence macroscopic gel properties, while HDCN composites exhibit very high conductivities up to 9.95 mS cm^?1 appropriate for sensing applications, demonstrating promise as recyclable alternatives for conductive stretchable materials.     

Computational Investigation of Effects of Grain Size on Ballistic Performance of Copper

Numerical simulations were conducted to compare ballistic performance and penetration mechanism of copper (Cu) with four representative grain sizes. Ballistic limit velocities for coarse-grained (CG) copper (grain size ≈ 90 µm), regular copper (grain size ≈ 30 µm), fine-grained (FG) copper (grain size ≈ 890 nm), and ultrafine-grained (UG) copper (grain size ≈ 200 nm) were determined for the first time through the simulations. It was found that the copper with reduced grain size would offer higher strength and better ductility, and therefore renders improved ballistic performance than the CG and regular copper. High speed impact and penetration behavior of the FG and UG copper was also compared with the CG coppers strengthened by nanotwinned (NT) regions. The comparison results showed the impact and penetration resistance of UG copper is comparable to the CG copper strengthened by NT regions with the minimum twin spacing. Therefore, besides the NT-strengthened copper, the single phase copper with nanoscale grain size could also be a strong candidate material for better ballistic protection. A computational modeling and simulation framework was proposed for this study, in which Johnson–Cook (JC) constitutive model is used to predict the plastic deformation of Cu; the JC damage model is to capture the penetration and fragmentation behavior of Cu; Bao–Wierzbicki (B-W) failure criterion defines the material's failure mechanisms; and temperature increase during this adiabatic penetration process is given by the Taylor–Quinney method.     

Effect of laver powder on textual,rheological properties and water distribution of squid (Dosidicus gigas) surimi gel

In order to ameliorate the gel quality of Dosidicus gigas surimi, the effects of laver powder on gel properties, rheological properties, and water-holding capacity (WHC) were investigated. Results indicated that the addition of laver powder could significantly increase the hardness, chewiness, and breaking force of surimi gels. However, the texture indexes and gel strength began to decline when additional amount exceeded 0.6%. Rheological results demonstrated that the addition of laver powder increased the storage modulus (G′) and viscosity of surimi, prolonged protein denaturation temperature in surimi gels. Moreover, the WHC of surimi gel was improved with the increase of laver powder. Further analyses in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that laver powder could shorten the transverse relaxation time, enhanced the combination with water, and altered the distribution of different water categories. The proportion of bound water and immobilized water reached its maximum and minimum at 0.6% of laver powder, respectively. Correlation analyses showed that WHC of surimi gel was negatively correlated well with the proportion of loose-bound water, but positively correlated with the strong-bound water and free water. In conclusion, the results supported that 0.6% was the optimal additional amount of laver powder for the squid-based surimi production based on the current ingredients of surimi products.     

Optimum lateral extent of soil domain for dynamic SSI analysis of RC framed buildings on pile foundations

This article describes a novel approach for deciding optimal horizontal extent of soil domain to be used for finite element based numerical dynamic soil structure interaction (SSI) studies. SSI model for a 12 storied building frame, supported on pile foundation-soil system, is developed in the finite element based software framework, OpenSEES. Three different structure-foundation configurations are analyzed under different ground motion characteristics. Lateral extent of soil domain, along with the soil properties, were varied exhaustively for a particular structural configuration. Based on the reduction in the variation of acceleration response at different locations in the SSI system (quantified by normalized root mean square error, NRMSE), the optimum lateral extent of the soil domain is prescribed for various structural widths, soil types and peak ground acceleration levels of ground motion. Compared to the past studies, error estimation analysis shows that the relationships prescribed in the present study are credible and more inclusive of the various factors that influence SSI. These relationships can be readily applied for deciding upon the lateral extent of the soil domain for conducting precise SSI analysis with reduced computational time.     

基于动态贝叶斯网络的海底管道点蚀疲劳损伤失效模型研究

目的研究海底管道在点腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳双重影响下的整个破坏过程,基于动态贝叶斯网络构建系统失效模型,对海底管道系统不同疲劳寿命下的失效概率进行预测。方法将点蚀疲劳损伤过程分为腐蚀点成核、腐蚀坑增长、短裂纹扩展和长裂纹扩展四个阶段,采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法对腐蚀点形成到短裂纹发生前的管道破坏过程进行分析,结合疲劳裂纹扩展的动态贝叶斯网络结构图,在充分考虑相关影响因素不确定性的基础上,为海底点蚀管道系统提出一种创新性的概率分析方法,对点蚀管道疲劳寿命的失效概率进行科学预测。结果结合实例分析,通过蒙特卡洛模拟方法,求解得出腐蚀坑增长转变为短裂纹扩展状态的临界裂纹尺寸为0.8mm。采用动态贝叶斯网络分析方法,对未经受维修保养的点蚀管道进行疲劳寿命预测,当管道运行到第35年时将会面临失效风险。结论所构建的模型可以对海底点蚀管道腐蚀疲劳寿命失效概率进行合理预测,通过观测相关影响参数的变化,及时更新预测结果,有助于为海底管道系统制定有效的维修策略。     

Experimental study of diffusivity of hexane in bitumen-saturated porous media under high temperature/pressure conditions

Solvent mass transfer plays a key role in a thermal gravity drainage process involving solvent. The diffusion coefficients of solvent in such a process are not well studied. This article presents the effective diffusion coefficients of solvent in bitumen-saturated sands under high temperature/pressure conditions measured using a CT scanning technique. Experimental results show that the effective diffusion coefficient of n-hexane in bitumen-saturated sands varied with the solvent concentration or with the viscosity of solvent–bitumen mixture (i.e., D_e ∝ c^0.4 or D_e ∝ μ_m^−0.46). The solvent concentration weighted diffusion coefficient of n-hexane in the bitumen under the condition 160–170°C/1,900 kPa had an order of magnitude of about 10⁻⁵ cm²/s for solvent volume concentration less than 0.2. The penetration distance of n-hexane in bitumen-saturated sands depended on the nonlinearity of diffusion and had a value of −2 cm after 1-day diffusion. The stronger the nonlinearity of diffusion, the shorter the penetration distance.     

基于混合润滑模型的往复密封动特性研究

为研究往复运动密封性能,采用MatLab数值方法建立一种混合润滑模型,该模型包含弹性力学、流体力学和接触力学分析。基于混合润滑模型,研究粗糙度和往复速度对动态往复密封摩擦力、泄漏量和油膜厚度等密封性能的影响规律,揭示液压往复密封机制。结果表明:往复运动密封圈处于混合润滑状态,接触区不仅有流体压力,还包含粗糙度接触压力;存在临界粗糙度σ_c和临界速度u_c,当粗糙度σσ_c时,随粗糙度的增大内行程的泄漏表现为越来越小的内泄漏,当σ≥σ_c时,随粗糙度的增大内行程的泄漏表现为越来越大的外泄漏;当速度uu_c时,净泄漏量随速度的增大表现为越来越小的外泄漏,当u≥u_c时,净泄漏量随速度的增大表现为越来越大的内泄漏;随着粗糙度的增加,膜厚与内行程的摩擦力增大,而外行程的摩擦力无明显变化;随着速度的增加,油膜厚度增加,内行程摩擦力减小,而外行程摩擦力变化很小。